NASA scientists have created the most detailed lunar gravitational map to date, revealing significant differences between the near and far sides of the moon. This map was developed using data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission, which orbited the moon from 2011 to 2012. Researchers utilized supercomputers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to analyze variations in gravity during an elliptical orbit around Earth.
Key Findings
- The new gravity model includes tiny variations in gravity caused by tidal deformation, which occurs when a celestial body is influenced by another object’s gravitational force.
- These variations provide critical insights into the moon’s deep internal structure, including its composition and density.
Research Insights
Ryan Park, the lead author of a study published in Nature Astronomy, expressed initial skepticism regarding the team’s findings due to their unexpected nature. He stated:
"When analyzing initial results for this project I was so surprised by them that I had my team run it multiple times just as a check on their code – because you never know what might go wrong with your computer program."
Park’s team conducted these checks three separate times before they were confident in their results. They discovered that volcanic activity billions of years ago may have caused radioactive elements to form in the near side’s mantle, leading to variations in gravity during the moon’s orbit around Earth.
The Role of Radioactive Elements
The study suggests that these radioactive elements may have been produced through interactions between solar wind particles and lunar rocks on both sides of the moon. However, they were found to be more abundant on one side due to geological processes such as:
- Tectonic activity
- Volcanic eruptions
Future Research Directions
By studying these gravitational variations over time using future missions, such as:
- NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
- European Space Agency’s SMART-1 spacecraft
Scientists can gain a better understanding of how our closest celestial neighbor came to be in its current shape and size.

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