A study of nearly 50,000 women over three decades has found that drinking four cups of coffee a day may boost the chances of avoiding sickness as people age. The research, led by academics at Harvard University, revealed that the biggest coffee drinkers had a 13% higher chance of healthy aging than those who drank almost no coffee at all.
Key Findings
- The study focused specifically on caffeinated coffee, suggesting it may uniquely support aging trajectories that preserve both mental and physical function.
- This research is the first to assess coffee’s impact across multiple domains of aging over three decades, as past studies have linked coffee to individual health outcomes.
Insights from Dr. Frank Hu
Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors and chair of nutrition and epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School’s Department of Nutrition, stated:
“While past studies have linked coffee to individual health outcomes, our study is the first to assess coffee’s impact across multiple domains.”
He noted an association between moderate caffeine consumption, particularly through strong Americanos (each containing 150mg caffeine), and healthier aging trajectories in women. However, he emphasized that these benefits are relatively modest compared to overall healthy lifestyle habits.
Study Methodology
The researchers utilized data from more than 47,000 women who participated in the long-term Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII). Key aspects of the study included:
- Participants were aged between 27-44 when they began the study in 1991-1992.
- They were asked about their diet every two years for up to three decades, including their daily intake of caffeinated or decaf tea and espresso, as well as other factors such as exercise levels and smoking status.
- Researchers assessed the development of conditions such as:
- Heart disease or stroke
- Depression
- Dementia
- Frailty
- Disability
- Osteoporosis or osteoarthritis
Data Collection
- Medical history was collected every two years until age 70-71 for most participants.
- Researchers monitored daily steps using wearable devices from around age 40 onwards, calculating normal activity levels based on national guidelines.
In total, there were more than half a million observations recorded during follow-up, which lasted until death or loss to follow-up after age seventy-one.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The researchers concluded that moderate caffeine intake was associated with better aging outcomes. However, they acknowledged that this could be influenced by other lifestyle factors linked to higher coffee consumption, such as:
- Higher income levels
- Increased physical activity
Dr. Hu cautioned against relying solely on high doses of caffeine, as some individuals may experience negative side effects, including:
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Jitteriness
- Sleep disturbances
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness and confusion
Final Thoughts
Dr. Hu summarized the findings:
"Overall, our results suggest potential benefits from moderate amounts but not excessive amounts."
Further research is needed to determine whether these associations hold true among men and to explore the long-term effects of caffeine consumption on health.

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